What is Commerce all about? What are the Commerce subjects taught in Class 11th? What am I going to learn in the Commerce field? These are some of the most common questions that haunt students until the time they actually get to know what all the Commerce field has to offer them. Hence, to answer all such questions, here I am sharing the Commerce Class 11 curriculum that you are going to study in the classroom. Since the CBSE is a benchmark and a large number of Schools in India are affiliated to this Board, I am providing the details of the Commerce subjects taught in the CBSE Commerce classrooms. So, here we go!
Commerce is among the three important streams, which help students carve an exceptional career roadmap for themselves. It imparts knowledge about the nations’ economy & finances, companies’ accounting & taxes and every transactional activity that businesses make. In a nutshell, the Commerce field is about playing with numbers & data and grasp the knowledge of how the business, finance and accounts industries work in a particular country and the world as well. By opting for Commerce after 10th, you will be picking up a course that will teach you about the dynamics of the market, economy, business transactions, and fiscal policies etc. Before opting the Commerce stream, students are advised to carefully go through this Commerce Class 11th curriculum to have a better understanding of the same and make a choice accordingly.
So, with no further delay, let us delve into the Commerce subjects that you are going to study in your Class 11.
Commerce Class 11 Compulsory Subjects
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Accountancy
After 10 years of schooling, the Commerce field makes students familiar with the Accounting subject. In Commerce Class 11th, you will get acquainted with the basics of accounting and learn to prepare accounts for the individual proprietorship firms. You will also learn about the basic concepts of Goods and Services Tax (GST) and how it is calculated. The accounting course will also teach you about the basic accounting concepts, accounting standards and preparing financial statements. Let us take a look at the Accountancy Syllabus and Curriculum for Class 11th students here:
Class 11 Accountancy Syllabus
Unit 1: Theoretical Frame Work
Introduction to Accounting
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Topics
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Learnings
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Accounting
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- Advantages and Limitations
- Concepts
- Objectives
- Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information
- Role of Accounting in Business
- Types of Accounting Information
- Users of Accounting Information and their Needs.
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Basic Accounting Terms
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- Assets (Non-Current, Current)
- Business Transaction
- Capital, Gain and Drawings
- Debtor & Creditor
- Expenditure (Capital and Revenue)
- Fixed Assets (Tangible and Intangible)
- Goods & Stock
- Income & Expense
- Liabilities (Non-Current and Current)
- Profit and Loss
- Purchase & Sales
- Voucher Discount (Trade Discount and Cash Discount)
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Theory Base of Accounting
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Topics
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Learnings
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Fundamental Accounting Assumptions
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- Accounting Period
- Business Entity
- Conservatism
- Consistency
- Cost Concept
- Dual Aspect
- Full Disclosure
- Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
- Going Concern
- Matching
- Materiality and Objectivity
- Money Measurement
- Revenue Recognition
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System of Accounting
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- Basis of Accounting
- Cash Basis and Accrual Basis
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Accounting Standards
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- Applicability
- Benefits
- Limitations
- Need
- IFRS- Need
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Goods and Services Tax (GST)
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Characteristics and Objective
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Unit 2: Accounting Process
Recording of Business Transactions
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Topics
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Learnings
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Voucher and Transactions
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- Accounting Equation Approach: Meaning and Analysis
- Preparation of Vouchers
- Rules of Debit and Credit
- Source documents and Vouchers
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Recording of Transactions
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Books of Original Entry-
- Cash Book
- Journal
- Purchases Book
- Purchases Return Book
- Sales Book
- Sales Return Book
- Special Purpose books:
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Ledger
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- Balancing of Accounts
- Format
- Posting from Journal and Subsidiary Books
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Bank Reconciliation Statement
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Topics
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Learnings
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Bank Reconciliation
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- Bank Reconciliation Statement with Adjusted Cash Book
- Need and Preparation
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Depreciation, Provisions and Reserves
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Topics
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Learnings
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Depreciation
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- Causes
- Concept
- Factors
- Features
- Methods
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Provisions and Reserves
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- Capital Reserve
- General Reserve
- Revenue Reserve
- Secret Reserve
- Specific Reserve
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Accounting for Bills of Exchange
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- Accommodation Bill (Concept)
- Bill after Due Date
- Bill Sent for Collection
- Date of Maturity
- Days of Grace
- Discounting of Bill
- Dishonour of Bill
- Endorsement of Bill
- Negotiation
- Renewal of Bill
- Retirement of Bill
- Term of Bill
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Trial balance and Rectification of Errors
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Topics
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Learnings
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Trial Balance
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- Objectives
- Preparation
- Types-Errors of Omission
- Commission, Principles, and Compensating; their effect on Trial Balance
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Unit 3: Financial Statements of Sole Proprietorship: From Complete and Incomplete Records
Financial Statements
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Topics
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Learnings
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Receipts and Expenditure
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- Objective and Importance
- Revenue expenditure and deferred expenditure
- Revenue Receipts and Capital Receipts Capital expenditure
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Trading and Profit and Loss Account
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- Gross Profit
- Operating Profit and Net Profit
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Balance Sheet
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- Grouping and Marshalling of Assets and Liabilities
- Need
- Preparation
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Preparation of Financial Statements
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- Adjustments in Closing Stocks
- Abnormal Loss
- Accrued Income
- Bad Debts
- Depreciation
- Goods Taken for Personal Use/Staff Welfare
- Income Received in Advance
- Interest on Capital and Managers Commission
- Outstanding Expenses
- Prepaid Expenses
- Provision for Discount on Debtors
- Provision for Doubtful Debts
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Unit 4: Computers in Accounting
Introduction to Computer and Accounting Information System (AIS)
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Topics
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Learnings
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Computer and Accounting Information System (AIS)
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- Introduction to Computers
- Introduction to Operating Software
- Utility Software and Application Software
- Introduction to Accounting Information System (AIS)
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Stages in Automation
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- Accounting Process in a Computerised Environment
- Comparison Between Manual Accounting Process and Computerised Accounting Process
- Sourcing of Accounting Software
- Creation of Account Groups and Hierarchy
- Creation of Trial Balance, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet
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Business Studies
Business Studies is another major subject in the field of Commerce for Class 11 students. It provides students with the knowledge and concepts of business. Business Studies makes students aware of the business processes and environment. The Business Studies subject at 11th level makes them familiar with various aspects of business, makes them understand the numerous theories and practices of business as well. It further develops the skills and attitude required for a successful business. Let us break down the curriculum of Business Studies Class 11 here:
Unit 1: Evolution and Fundamentals of Business
Topics
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Leanings
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History of Commerce in India
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- Indigenous Banking System
- Major Imports and Exports
- Major Trade Centres
- Merchant Corporations
- Position of Indian Sub-Continent in the World Economy
- Rise of Intermediaries
- Trading Communities
- Transport
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Business
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- Definition and Features of Business
- Concept of Profession and Employment
- Objectives of Business
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Classification of Business Activities
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|
Industry-types
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- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary Meaning and Subgroups
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Commerce-Trade
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Types
- Internal
- External
- Wholesale
- Retail
Auxiliaries to Trade
- Advertising
- Banking
- Communication
- Insurance
- Transportation
- Warehousing
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Unit 2: Forms of Business Organizations
Topics
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Learnings
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Sole Proprietorship
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- Concept
- Merits and Limitations
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Partnership
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- Concept
- Types
- Merits and Limitation of Partnership
- Registration of a Partnership Firm
- Partnership Deed
- Types of Partners Unit 3: Public, Private and Global Enterprises
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Hindu Undivided Family Business
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Concept
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Cooperative Societies
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- Concept
- Merits and Limitations
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Company
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- Concept
- Merits and Limitations
Types
- Private
- Public
- One Person Company
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Formation of Company
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- Stages
- important Documents to be Used in Formation of a Company
- Choice of Form of Business Organization
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Unit 3: Public, Private and Global Enterprises
Topics
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Learnings
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Concepts
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- Public Sector
- Private Sector Enterprises
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Forms of Public Sector Enterprises
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- Departmental Undertakings
- Statutory Corporations and Government Company
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Global Enterprises (MNCs)
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- Features
- Joint Ventures
- Public Private Partnership
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Unit 4: Business Services
Topics
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Learnings
|
Business Services and Its Types
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Definition of Banking
Types of Bank Accounts
- Savings
- Current
- Recurring
- fixed Deposit and Multiple Option Deposit Account
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Banking Services
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- Bank Draft
- Bank Overdraft
- Cash Credit
- E-Banking
- Types of Digital Payment
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Types of Insurance
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- Life
- Health
- Fire and Marine Insurance
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Postal Service
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- Courier
- Mail
- Parcel
- Registered Post
- Speed Post
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Unit 5: Emerging Modes of Business
Topics
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Learnings
|
E-Business
|
|
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
|
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Unit 6: Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics
Topics
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Learnings
|
Social Responsibility
|
|
Other Responsibilities Towards
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- Community
- Consumers
- Employees
- Government
- Investors
- Owners
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Business Ethics
|
|
Unit 7: Sources of Business Finance
Topics
|
Learnings
|
Owners’ Funds
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- American Depository Receipt (ADR)
- Equity Shares
- Global Depository Receipt (GDR)
- International Depository Receipt (IDR)
- Preferences Share
- Retained Earnings
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Borrowed Funds
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- Debentures and Bonds
- Inter Corporate Deposits (ICD)
- Loan From Financial Institution and Commercial Banks
- Public Deposits
- Trade Credit
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Unit 8: Small Business and Enterprises
Topics
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Learnings
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Entrepreneurship Development (ED)
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- Concept
- Characteristics
- Need
- Process Entrepreneurship Development
- Start-up India Scheme
- ways to fund start-up
- Intellectual Property Rights and Entrepreneurship
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Small Scale Businesses
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- Small Scale Enterprise
- Role of Small Business in India
- Government Schemes and Agencies for Small Scale Industries
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Unit 9: Internal Trade
Topics
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Learnings
|
Internal Trade
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- Meaning and Types
- Goods and Services Tax: Concept and key-Features
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Types of Retail
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- Itinerant
- Small Scale Fixed Shops Retailers
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Large Scale Retailers
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- Departmental Stores
- Chain Stores
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Main Documents Used in Internal Trade
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- Credit Note
- Debit Note
- Invoice
- Lorry Receipt (LR)
- Performa Invoice
- Railways Receipt (RR)
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Terms of Trade
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- Cash on Delivery (COD)
- Cost
- Errors and Omissions Excepted (E&OE)
- Free on Board (FOB)
- Insurance and Freight (CIF)
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Unit 10: International Trade
Topics
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Learnings
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International Trade
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|
Export Trade
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- Meaning
- Objectives
- Procedure of Export Trade
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Import Trade
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- Meaning
- Objectives
- Procedure
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Documents Involved in International Trade
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- Importance
- Indent
- letter of Credit
- Mate’s Receipt (DA/DP)
- Shipping Bills
- Shipping Order
- Specimen of the Documents
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World Trade Organization (WTO)
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Economics
Economics influence everyone, one way or another. Economics subject is introduced in the Commerce stream in order to acquaint students with the economic realities our country is facing currently. In Class 11, students learn about the basic concepts of economics, its role in nation building, and basic tools of economics etc. Students also learn to see any economic issue from different angles. Since the field of economics is too vast, it is important for students to start learning the subject from Class 11 itself. Let us find out what all the students will learn in Class 11 Economics subject:
Part A: Introductory Microeconomics
Unit 1: Introduction
Topics
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Learnings
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Introduction
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- Meaning of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
- Positive and Normative Economics
- What is an Economy?
- Central Problems of an Economy
- Concepts of Production Possibility Frontier and Opportunity Cost
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Unit 2: Consumer's Equilibrium and Demand
Topics
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Learnings
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Consumer's Equilibrium
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- Meaning of Utility
- Marginal Utility
- Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
- Conditions of Consumer's Equilibrium Using Marginal Utility Analysis
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Indifference Curve Analysis of Consumer's Equilibrium
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- The Consumer's Budget (Budget Set and Budget Line)
- Preferences of the Consumer (Indifference Curve, Indifference Map)
- Conditions of Consumer's Equilibrium
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Demand
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- Market Demand
- Determinants of Demand
- Demand Schedule
- Demand Curve and Its Slope
- Movement Along and Shifts in the Demand Curve
- Price Elasticity of Demand
- Factors Affecting Price Elasticity of Demand
- Measurement of Price Elasticity of Demand
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Unit 3: Producer Behaviour and Supply
Topics
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Learnings
|
Production Behaviour
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- Meaning of Production Function
- Total Product, Average Product and Marginal Product
- Returns to a Factor
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Cost
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- Short Run Costs
- Total Cost
- Total Fixed Cost
- Total Variable Cost
- Average Cost
- Average Fixed Cost
- Average Variable Cost
- Marginal Cost-Meaning and Their Relationships
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Revenue
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- Total, Average and Marginal Revenue
- Meaning and Their Relationship
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Producer's Equilibrium
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- Meaning and Its Conditions in Terms of Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
- Supply
- Market Supply
- Determinants of Supply
- Supply Schedule
- Supply Curve and Its Slope
- Movements Along and Shifts in Supply Curve
- Price Elasticity of Supply
- Measurement of Price Elasticity of Supply
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Unit 4: Forms of Market and Price Determination Under Perfect Competition with Simple Applications
Topics
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Learnings
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Perfect Competition
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- Features
- Determination of Market Equilibrium and Effects of Shifts in Demand and Supply
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Other Market Forms
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- Monopoly
- Monopolistic Competition
- Oligopoly - Their Meaning and Features
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Simple Applications of Demand and Supply
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- Price ceiling
- Price Floor
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Part B: Statistics for Economics
Unit 1: Introduction
Topics
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Learnings
|
What is Economics?
|
- Meaning
- Scope
- Functions and Importance of Statistics in Economics
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Unit 2: Collection, Organisation and Presentation of data
Topics
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Learnings
|
Collection of Data
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- Sources of Data
- Primary and Secondary
- How Basic Data is Collected
- Concepts of Sampling
- Sampling and Non-Sampling Errors
- Methods of Collecting Data
- Some Important Sources of Secondary Data
- Census of India and National Sample Survey Organisation
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Organisation of Data
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- Meaning
- Types of Variables
- Frequency Distribution
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Presentation of Data
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- Tabular Presentation of Data
- Diagrammatic Presentation of Data
- Geometric Forms (Bar Diagrams and Pie Diagrams)
- Frequency Diagrams (Histogram, Polygon and Ogive)
- Arithmetic Line Graphs (Time Series Graph)
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Unit 3: Statistical Tools and Interpretation
Topics
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Learnings
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Measures of Central Tendency
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- Mean (Simple and Weighted)
- Median
- Mode
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Absolute Dispersion
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- Range
- Quartile Deviation
- Mean Deviation
- Standard Deviation
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Relative Dispersion
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- Co-Efficient of Range
- Co-Efficient of Quartile-Deviation
- Co-Efficient of Mean Deviation
- Co-Efficient of Variation
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Lorenz Curve
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- Meaning
- Construction and Its Application
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Correlation
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- Meaning and Properties
- Scatter Diagram
- Measures of Correlation
- Karl Pearson's Method (Two Variables Ungrouped Data)
- Spearman's Rank Correlation
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Introduction to Index Numbers
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- Meaning and Types
- Wholesale Price Index
- Consumer Price Index
- Index of Industrial Production
- Uses of Index Numbers
- Inflation and Index Numbers
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English Core
The Commerce stream includes the English subject in order to provide students with a reasonable degree of English proficiency that will help students develop confidence. The English subject in Class 11 Commerce stream helps students develop communicative skills, participate in group discussions and improve their hold on the English language for the academic and social purpose. It helps improve the reading comprehension, argumentative essays, preparing CVs, making notes, writing emails and innovative writings etc. Let us take a look at the topics that English subject offers to Commerce Class 11 students:
Section A
Reading Comprehension
Topics
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Learnings
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Reading Comprehension
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- Two Unseen Passages to Test
- Vocabulary
- Word Formation
- Inferring Meaning
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Writing Skills
|
- Business or Official Letters
- Letters to the Editor
- Job Application with CV
- Letter to School or College Authority
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Grammar
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- Gap Filling
- Sentence Reordering
- Dialogue Completion and Sentence Transformation
- Determiners
- Tenses
- Clauses
- Modals
- Change of Voice
- Transformation of Sentences
- Error Correction
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Literature
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- Short Question-Answers
- Long Question-Answers
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Apart from these above mentioned 4 core subjects i.e. Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics and English, there are few optional subjects that the Commerce students are required to opt for. Mathematics is one such subject that can be taken as the core and elective as well.
Commerce Class 11 Optional Subjects
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Mathematics
Mathematics syllabus, over the years, has changed a lot as per the emerging needs of the society and market requirements. The Mathematics course structure is designed in such a way that students can not only go for the higher studies in the Mathematics but also opt for some other professional courses including Engineering, Computer Applications, Bioscience and Statistics etc. The Mathematics curriculum in the Commerce stream at Class 11 level makes students familiar different aspects of Mathematics and provides an understanding of basic concepts, terms and principles of Mathematics. Let us find out the Mathematics course structure for Commerce Class 11 students here:
Unit-I: Sets and Functions
Topics
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Learnings
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Sets
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- Sets and Their Representations
- Empty Set
- Finite and Infinite sets
- Equal sets
- Subsets
- Subsets of a Set of Real Numbers
- Power Set
- Universal Set
- Venn Diagrams
- Union and Intersection of Sets
- Difference of Sets
- Complement of a Set
- Properties of Complement
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Relations & Functions
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- Ordered Pairs
- Cartesian Product of Sets
- Number of Elements in the Cartesian Product of Two Finite Sets
- Cartesian Product of the Set of Reals with Itself
- Definition of Relation
- Pictorial Diagrams
- Domain, Co-Domain and Range of a Relation
- Function as a Special Type of Relation
- Pictorial Representation of a Function
- Real Valued Functions
- Domain and Range of These Functions
- Constant
- Identity
- Polynomial
- Rational
- Modulus
- Signum Exponential
- Logarithmic and Greatest Integer Functions
- Sum, Difference, Product and Quotients of Functions
|
Trigonometric Functions
|
- Positive and Negative Angles
- Measuring Angles in Radians and in Degrees
- Definition of Trigonometric Functions
- Signs of Trigonometric Functions
- Domain and Range of Trigonometric Functions and Their Graphs
|
Unit 2: Algebra
Topics
|
Learnings
|
Principle of Mathematical Induction
|
- Process of the Proof by Induction
- Motivating the Application of the Method
- The Principle of Mathematical induction and Simple Applications
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Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
|
- Need for Complex Numbers
- Algebraic Properties of Complex Numbers
- Argand Plane and Polar Representation of Complex Numbers
- Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
- Solution of Quadratic Equations (With Real Coefficients) in the complex number system.
- Square Root of a Complex Number
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Linear Inequalities
|
- Linear Inequalities
- Algebraic Solutions of Linear Inequalities
- Graphical Solution of Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
- Graphical Method of Finding a solution of System of Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
|
Permutations and Combinations
|
- Fundamental Principle of Counting
- Permutations and Combinations
- Derivation of Formulae for and Their Connections
- Simple Applications
|
Binomial Theorem
|
- History
- Statement and Proof of the Binomial Theorem
- Pascal's Triangle
- General and Middle Term in Binomial Expansion
- Simple Applications
|
Sequence and Series
|
- Sequence and Series
- Arithmetic Progression (A. P.)
- Arithmetic Mean (A.M.)
- Geometric Progression (G.P.)
- General Term of a G.P.
- Sum of N Terms of a G.P.
- Infinite G.P. and Its Sum
- Geometric Mean (G.M.)
- Relation Between A.M. and G.M
|
Unit 3: Coordinate Geometry
Topics
|
Learnings
|
Straight Lines
|
- Brief Recall of Two Dimensional Geometry
- Shifting of Origin
- Slope of a Line and Angle Between Two Lines
- Various Forms of Equations of a Line
- Parallel to Axis
- Point-Slope Form
- Slope-Intercept Form
- Two-Point Form
- Intercept Form and Normal Form
- General Equation of a Line
- Distance of a Point From a Line
|
Conic Sections
|
- Sections of a Cone
- Circles
- Parabola
- Standard Equations and Simple Properties of Parabola
- Ellipse and Hyperbola
- Standard Equation of a Circle
|
Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry
|
- Coordinate Axes and Coordinate Planes in Three Dimensions
- Coordinates of a Point
- Distance between Two Points and Section Formula
|
Unit 4: Calculus
Topics
|
Learnings
|
Limits and Derivatives
|
- Derivative of Distance Function and Geometrically
- Intuitive Idea of Limit
- Limits of Polynomials and Rational Functions Trigonometric
- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
- Definition of Derivative
- Curve Derivative of Sum, Difference, Product and Quotient of Functions
- Derivatives of Polynomial and Trigonometric Functions
|
Unit 5: Mathematical Reasoning
Topics
|
Learnings
|
Mathematical Reasoning
|
- Mathematically Acceptable Statements
- Connecting Words/ Phrases - Consolidating the Understanding
- Validating the Statements Involving the Connecting Words
- Difference Among Contradiction, Converse and Contrapositive
|
Unit 6: Statistics and Probability
Topics
|
Learnings
|
Statistics
|
- Measures of Dispersion
- Range
- Mean Deviation
- Variance and Standard Deviation of Ungrouped/Grouped Data
- Analysis of Frequency Distributions
|
Probability
|
- Random Experiments
- Outcomes
- Sample Spaces (Set Representation)
- Occurrence of Events
- Exhaustive Events
- Mutually Exclusive Events
- Axiomatic (Set Theoretic) Probability
- Probability of an Event
|
-
Physical Education
The CBSE has included Physical Education as an optional subject that majorly focuses on improving the physical fitness of the students. The course provides students with the fundamentals of the physical education and makes them aware of the needs of the physical activities in daily life. Along with the theoretical knowledge, the CBSE schools also emphasise on conducting practical training and exercises in schools as well. This not only gives students the health benefits but also provides them with initial training of various indoor & outdoor games/ activities such as the cricket, football, long jump, high jump, basketball, and tennis etc. Let us check out the theoretical topics and curriculum that Commerce Class 11 students are going to learn in the Physical Education subject.
Topics
|
Learnings
|
Unit 1: Changing Trends & Career In Physical Education
|
- Meaning & definition of Physical Education
- Aims & Objectives of Physical Education
- Changing trends in Physical Education
- Various Physical Education Courses available in India
- Career Options in Physical Education
- Soft skills required for different careers
|
Unit 2: Olympic Movement
|
- Ancient & Modern Olympics (Summer & Winter)
- Olympic Symbols, Ideals, Objectives & Values
- International Olympic Committee
- Indian Olympic Association
- Dronacharya Award, Arjuna Award & Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award
- Organisational set-up of CBSE Sports & Chacha Nehru Sports Award
|
Unit 3: Physical Fitness, Wellness & Lifestyle
|
- Meaning & Importance Of Physical Fitness, Wellness & Lifestyle
- Components of physical fitness
- Components of Health related fitness
- Components of wellness
- Preventing Health Threats Through Lifestyle Change
- Concept of Positive Lifestyle
|
Unit 4: Physical Education & Sports for Children With Special Needs (Divyang)
|
- Aims & objectives of Adaptive Physical Education
- Organization promoting Adaptive Sports (Special Olympics Bharat; Paralympics;
- Deaflympics)
- Concept and need of Integrated Physical Education
- Concept of Inclusion, its need and Implementation
- Role of various professionals for children with special needs (Counsellor, Occupational Therapist, Physiotherapist, Physical Education Teacher, Speech Therapist & special Educator)
|
Unit 5: Yoga
|
- Meaning & Importance of Yoga
- Elements of Yoga
- Introduction - Asanas, Pranayam, Meditation & Yogic Kriyas
- Yoga for concentration & related Asanas (Sukhasana, Tadasana, Padmasana & Shashankasana)
- Relaxation Techniques for improving concentration (Yog-nidra)
|
Unit 6: Physical Activity & Leadership Training
|
- Concept of Physical Activity & Inactivity
- Leadership Qualities & Role of a Leader
- Behaviour change stages for physical activity (Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Planning, Active, Maintenance)
- Creating leaders through Physical Education
- Meaning, objectives & types of Adventure Sports (Rock Climbing, Tracking, River Rafting, Mountaineering, Surfing and Para Gliding
- Safety measures during physical activity and adventure sports
|
Unit 7: Test, Measurement & Evaluation
|
- Define Test, Measurement & Evaluation
- Importance of Test, Measurement & Evaluation In Sports
- Calculation of BMI & Waist - Hip Ratio
- Somato Types (Endomorphy, Mesomorphy & Ectomorphy)
- Procedures of Anthropomatric Measurement – Height, Weight, Arm & Leg Length
|
Unit 8: Fundamentals Of Anatomy & Physiology
|
- Define Anatomy, Physiology & Its Importance
- Function of Skeleton System, Classification of Bones & Types of Joints
- Properties of Muscles
- Function & Structure of Muscles
- Function & Structure of Respiratory System, Mechanism of Respiration
- Structure of Heart & Introduction to Circulatory System
- Oxygen debt, second-wind
|
Unit 9: Kinesiology, Biomechanics & Sports
|
- Meaning & Importance of Kinesiology & Biomechanics in Physical Education & Sports
- Concept of Musculoskeletal System
- Joints – Articulation of Bones (Neck, Shoulder, Elbow, Hip and Knees)
- Major Muscles around the Joints (Neck, Shoulder, Elbow, Hip and Knees)
- Levers & Its Types and its application in sports
- Equilibrium – Dynamic & Static And Centre of Gravity and its application in sports
|
Unit 10: Psychology & Sports
|
- Definition & Importance of Psychology in Physical Education & Sports
- Define & Differentiate Between Growth & Development
- Developmental Characteristics at Different Stage of Development
- Adolescent Problems & Their Management
- Define Learning, Laws of Learning (Law of Readiness, Law of Effect & Law of Exercise) & Transfer of Learning
- Emotion: Concept, Type & Controlling of emotion
|
Unit 11: Training In Sports
|
- Meaning & Concept of Sports Training
- Principles of Sports Training
- Warming up & limbering down
- Load, Symptoms of Over-load, Adaptation & Recovery
- Skill, Technique & Style
- Role of Free-play in the development of Motor Component
|
Unit 12: Doping
|
- Concept & classification of doping
- Prohibited Substances & Methods
- Athletes Responsibilities
- Side Effects Of Prohibited Substances
- Ergogenic aids & doping in sports
- Doping control procedure
|
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Information Practices
Information Practices, also known as the Informatics Practices, is the subject that helps a lot to have a working knowledge of the computer system. This subject not only helps understand the fundamentals of computer applications but also provides students with the programming skills. Information Practices clears the basics of computer applications and helps students to understand front-end development, database formation, and various programming tools. The course also helps those students who are willing to take up the computer applications or related courses in the future. Let us find out what all the Information Practices has in its kitty for Commerce 11 students!
Unit 1: Programming and Computational Thinking
Topics
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Learnings
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Basic Computer Organisation
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- Knowledge About the Computer System
- Knowledge About the Mobile System
- CPU
- Memory
- Hard Disk
- I/O
- Battery
- Power
- Transition From a Calculator to a Computer
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Basics of Python Programming
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- A Simple “Hello World" Program
- Process of Writing a Program
- Print Statements
- Simple Data-Types: Integer, Float, String
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Knowledge of Data Types and Operators
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- Accepting Input From the Console
- Assignment Statement
- Expressions
- Operators and Their Precedence
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Conditional Statements
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- If
- If-Else
- If-Elif-Else
- Absolute Value
- Sort 3 Numbers
- Divisibility
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Notion of Iterative Computation and Control Flow
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- Flowcharts
- Decision Trees and Pseudo Code
- Write a Lot of Programs: Interest Calculation
- EMI
- Tax Calculation (Examples from GST)
- Standard Deviation
- Correlation
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Lists and Dictionary
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- Finding the Maximum
- Finding the Minimum
- Finding the Mean
- Linear Search on a List of Numbers
- Counting the Frequency of Elements
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Text Handling
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- Compare
- Concat
- Substring Operations
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Introduction to Python Modules
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Unit 2: Data Handling
Topics
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Learnings
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Introduction to Python Pandas
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- Introduction to Data Structures in Pandas: Series, and Data Frame
- Operations on a Series: Head, Tail, Vector Operations
- Data Frame Operations: Create, Display, Iteration, Select Column, Add Column, Delete Column
- Binary Operations in a Data Frame: Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Radd, Rsub
- Matching and broadcasting Operations
- Missing Data and Filling Values
- Comparisons, Boolean Reductions, Comparing Series, and Combining Data Frames
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Transferring Database
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- CSV Files
- SQL Databases
- Data Frame Objects
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Unit 3: Data Management
Topics
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Learnings
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Relational Databases
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- Idea of a Database
- Need for the Database
- Relations
- Keys
- Primary key
- Foreign key
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SQL Commands
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- Creating Tables
- Keys
- Foreign Keys
- Insert/Delete an Entry
- Delete a Table
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Basic SQL
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- Selecting Indexes
- Projecting Indexes
- Joining Indexes
- In-Class Practice
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Unit 4: Society, Law and Ethics – Cyber Safety
Topics
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Learnings
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Cyber Safety
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- Safely Browsing the Web
- Identity protection
- Confidentiality
- Social networks
- Cyber trolls and Bullying
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Appropriate Usage of Social Networks
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- Spread of Rumours
- Common Social Networking Sites (Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook)
- Specific Usage Rules
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Safely Accessing Web Sites
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- Adware
- Malware
- Viruses
- Trojans
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Safely Communicating Data
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- Secure Connections
- Eavesdropping
- Phishing and Identity Verification
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- Entrepreneurship
Commerce field is all about the trade and businesses, hence, Entrepreneurship is one such subject that students must learn about right from the start of their Commerce career. Students learn about the concepts of the entrepreneurship through this subject. The objective of studying this subject at the 10+1 level is to develop entrepreneurial quality and competence in students at the initial stages. The Entrepreneurship subject also makes students aware of the contribution of the entrepreneurs in nation building and country’s growth. Let us now focus on the chapters Commerce 11th students are going to study in the Entrepreneurship subject!
Topics
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Learnings
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Unit 1: Entrepreneurship - What, Why and How
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- Entrepreneurship- Concept, Functions,
- Need and Importance
- Why Entrepreneurship For You
- Myths about Entrepreneurship
- Pros and Cons of Entrepreneurship
- Process of Entrepreneurship
- Start-up and its stages
- Entrepreneurship - The Indian Scenario
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Unit 2: An Entrepreneur
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- Why be an Entrepreneur
- Types of Entrepreneurs
- Competencies and Characteristics: Ethical
- Entrepreneurship
- Entrepreneurial Values, Attitudes and Motivation
- Mindset of an Employee and an
Entrepreneur Difference
- Intrapreneur: Importance in Any
Organisation
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Unit 3: Entrepreneurship Journey
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- Self-Assessment of Qualities, Skills,
- Resources and Dreams
- Generation of Ideas
- Business Ideas vs. Business Opportunities
- Opportunity Assessment – Factors, Micro and Macro Market Environment
- Feasibility Study
- Business Plan Preparation
- Execution of Business Plan
- Role of Networking in Entrepreneurship
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Unit 4: Entrepreneurship as Innovation and Problem Solving
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- Entrepreneurs - as problem solvers.
- Innovations and Entrepreneurial Ventures - Global and Indian
- New Industries of New Age Economy
- Role of Technology – E-commerce and Social Media
- Social Entrepreneurship as Problem
- Solving-Concept and Importance
- Risk Taking-Concept; Types of Business Risks
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Unit 5: Understanding the Market
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- Business Idea and Concept
- Types of Business: Manufacturing, Trading and Services.
- Stakeholders: Sellers, Vendors and
Consumers and Competitors
- Market Research - Concept, Importance and Process
- Market Sensing and Testing
- Business Model
- Proof of Concept
- Pricing and Factors Affecting Pricing
- Launch Strategies After Pricing and Proof of Concept
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Unit 6: Business Arithmetic
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- Unit of Sale, Unit Price and Unit Cost - for Single Product or Service
- Types of Costs - Start up, Variable and Fixed Income Statement
- Cash Flow Projections
- Break Even Analysis - for Single Product or Service
- Taxes
- Financial Business Case Study
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Unit 7: Resource Mobilization
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- Types of Resources - Human, Capital and Entrepreneurial Tools and Resources
- Selection and Utilization of Human Resources and Professionals like Accountants, Lawyers, Auditors, Board Members, etc.
- Role and Importance of a Mentor
- Estimating Financial Resources Required
- Methods of Meeting the Financial Requirements – Debt vs. Equity
- Size and Capital Based Classification of Business Enterprises
- Various Sources of Information
- Incubators and Accelerators
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(Note: Students belonging to other Boards such as ICSE and other State Boards are suggested to look for the Commerce Curriculum administered by these respective Boards.)