Commerce Subjects in Class 11: All You Need to Know!

Nitin
10 Mar, 2019

What is Commerce all about? What are the Commerce subjects taught in Class 11th? What am I going to learn in the Commerce field? These are some of the most common questions that haunt students until the time they actually get to know what all the Commerce field has to offer them. Hence, to answer all such questions, here I am sharing the Commerce Class 11 curriculum that you are going to study in the classroom. Since the CBSE is a benchmark and a large number of Schools in India are affiliated to this Board, I am providing the details of the Commerce subjects taught in the CBSE Commerce classrooms. So, here we go!

Commerce is among the three important streams, which help students carve an exceptional career roadmap for themselves. It imparts knowledge about the nations’ economy & finances, companies’ accounting & taxes and every transactional activity that businesses make. In a nutshell, the Commerce field is about playing with numbers & data and grasp the knowledge of how the business, finance and accounts industries work in a particular country and the world as well. By opting for Commerce after 10th, you will be picking up a course that will teach you about the dynamics of the market, economy, business transactions, and fiscal policies etc. Before opting the Commerce stream, students are advised to carefully go through this Commerce Class 11th curriculum to have a better understanding of the same and make a choice accordingly.

So, with no further delay, let us delve into the Commerce subjects that you are going to study in your Class 11.

Commerce Class 11 Compulsory Subjects

Accountancy

After 10 years of schooling, the Commerce field makes students familiar with the Accounting subject. In Commerce Class 11th, you will get acquainted with the basics of accounting and learn to prepare accounts for the individual proprietorship firms. You will also learn about the basic concepts of Goods and Services Tax (GST) and how it is calculated. The accounting course will also teach you about the basic accounting concepts, accounting standards and preparing financial statements. Let us take a look at the Accountancy Syllabus and Curriculum for Class 11th students here:

Class 11 Accountancy Syllabus

Unit 1: Theoretical Frame Work

Introduction to Accounting
Topics	Learnings
Accounting	Advantages and Limitations Concepts Objectives Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information Role of Accounting in Business Types of Accounting Information Users of Accounting Information and their Needs.
Basic Accounting Terms	Assets (Non-Current, Current) Business Transaction Capital, Gain and Drawings Debtor & Creditor Expenditure (Capital and Revenue) Fixed Assets (Tangible and Intangible) Goods & Stock Income & Expense Liabilities (Non-Current and Current) Profit and Loss Purchase & Sales Voucher Discount (Trade Discount and Cash Discount)
Theory Base of Accounting
Topics	Learnings
Fundamental Accounting Assumptions	Accounting Period Business Entity Conservatism Consistency Cost Concept Dual Aspect Full Disclosure Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) Going Concern Matching Materiality and Objectivity Money Measurement Revenue Recognition
System of Accounting	Basis of Accounting Cash Basis and Accrual Basis
Accounting Standards	Applicability Benefits Limitations Need IFRS- Need
Goods and Services Tax (GST)	Characteristics and Objective

Unit 2: Accounting Process

Recording of Business Transactions
Topics	Learnings
Voucher and Transactions	Accounting Equation Approach: Meaning and Analysis Preparation of Vouchers Rules of Debit and Credit Source documents and Vouchers
Recording of Transactions	Books of Original Entry- Cash Book Journal Purchases Book Purchases Return Book Sales Book Sales Return Book Special Purpose books:
Ledger	Balancing of Accounts Format Posting from Journal and Subsidiary Books
Bank Reconciliation Statement
Topics	Learnings
Bank Reconciliation	Bank Reconciliation Statement with Adjusted Cash Book Need and Preparation
Depreciation, Provisions and Reserves
Topics	Learnings
Depreciation	Causes Concept Factors Features Methods
Provisions and Reserves	Capital Reserve General Reserve Revenue Reserve Secret Reserve Specific Reserve
Accounting for Bills of Exchange	Accommodation Bill (Concept) Bill after Due Date Bill Sent for Collection Date of Maturity Days of Grace Discounting of Bill Dishonour of Bill Endorsement of Bill Negotiation Renewal of Bill Retirement of Bill Term of Bill
Trial balance and Rectification of Errors
Topics	Learnings
Trial Balance	Objectives Preparation Types-Errors of Omission Commission, Principles, and Compensating; their effect on Trial Balance

Unit 3: Financial Statements of Sole Proprietorship: From Complete and Incomplete Records

Financial Statements
Topics	Learnings
Receipts and Expenditure	Objective and Importance Revenue expenditure and deferred expenditure Revenue Receipts and Capital Receipts Capital expenditure
Trading and Profit and Loss Account	Gross Profit Operating Profit and Net Profit
Balance Sheet	Grouping and Marshalling of Assets and Liabilities Need Preparation
Preparation of Financial Statements	Adjustments in Closing Stocks Abnormal Loss Accrued Income Bad Debts Depreciation Goods Taken for Personal Use/Staff Welfare Income Received in Advance Interest on Capital and Managers Commission Outstanding Expenses Prepaid Expenses Provision for Discount on Debtors Provision for Doubtful Debts

Unit 4: Computers in Accounting

Introduction to Computer and Accounting Information System (AIS)
Topics	Learnings
Computer and Accounting Information System (AIS)	Introduction to Computers Introduction to Operating Software Utility Software and Application Software Introduction to Accounting Information System (AIS)
Stages in Automation	Accounting Process in a Computerised Environment Comparison Between Manual Accounting Process and Computerised Accounting Process Sourcing of Accounting Software Creation of Account Groups and Hierarchy Creation of Trial Balance, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet

Business Studies

Business Studies is another major subject in the field of Commerce for Class 11 students. It provides students with the knowledge and concepts of business. Business Studies makes students aware of the business processes and environment. The Business Studies subject at 11th level makes them familiar with various aspects of business, makes them understand the numerous theories and practices of business as well. It further develops the skills and attitude required for a successful business. Let us break down the curriculum of Business Studies Class 11 here:

Unit 1: Evolution and Fundamentals of Business

Topics	Leanings
History of Commerce in India	Indigenous Banking System Major Imports and Exports Major Trade Centres Merchant Corporations Position of Indian Sub-Continent in the World Economy Rise of Intermediaries Trading Communities Transport
Business	Definition and Features of Business Concept of Profession and Employment Objectives of Business
Classification of Business Activities	Commerce Industry
Industry-types	Primary Secondary Tertiary Meaning and Subgroups
Commerce-Trade	Types Internal External Wholesale Retail Auxiliaries to Trade Advertising Banking Communication Insurance Transportation Warehousing

Unit 2: Forms of Business Organizations

Topics	Learnings
Sole Proprietorship	Concept Merits and Limitations
Partnership	Concept Types Merits and Limitation of Partnership Registration of a Partnership Firm Partnership Deed Types of Partners Unit 3: Public, Private and Global Enterprises
Hindu Undivided Family Business	Concept
Cooperative Societies	Concept Merits and Limitations
Company	Concept Merits and Limitations Types Private Public One Person Company
Formation of Company	Stages important Documents to be Used in Formation of a Company Choice of Form of Business Organization

Unit 3: Public, Private and Global Enterprises

Topics	Learnings
Concepts	Public Sector Private Sector Enterprises
Forms of Public Sector Enterprises	Departmental Undertakings Statutory Corporations and Government Company
Global Enterprises (MNCs)	Features Joint Ventures Public Private Partnership

Unit 4: Business Services

Topics	Learnings
Business Services and Its Types	Definition of Banking Types of Bank Accounts Savings Current Recurring fixed Deposit and Multiple Option Deposit Account
Banking Services	Bank Draft Bank Overdraft Cash Credit E-Banking Types of Digital Payment
Types of Insurance	Life Health Fire and Marine Insurance
Postal Service	Courier Mail Parcel Registered Post Speed Post

Unit 5: Emerging Modes of Business

Topics	Learnings
E-Business	Concept Scope Benefits
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)	Concept Need Scope

Unit 6: Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics

Topics	Learnings
Social Responsibility	Concept Case
Other Responsibilities Towards	Community Consumers Employees Government Investors Owners
Business Ethics	Concept Elements

Unit 7: Sources of Business Finance

Topics	Learnings
Owners’ Funds	American Depository Receipt (ADR) Equity Shares Global Depository Receipt (GDR) International Depository Receipt (IDR) Preferences Share Retained Earnings
Borrowed Funds	Debentures and Bonds Inter Corporate Deposits (ICD) Loan From Financial Institution and Commercial Banks Public Deposits Trade Credit

Unit 8: Small Business and Enterprises

Topics	Learnings
Entrepreneurship Development (ED)	Concept Characteristics Need Process Entrepreneurship Development Start-up India Scheme ways to fund start-up Intellectual Property Rights and Entrepreneurship
Small Scale Businesses	Small Scale Enterprise Role of Small Business in India Government Schemes and Agencies for Small Scale Industries

Unit 9: Internal Trade

Topics	Learnings
Internal Trade	Meaning and Types Goods and Services Tax: Concept and key-Features
Types of Retail	Itinerant Small Scale Fixed Shops Retailers
Large Scale Retailers	Departmental Stores Chain Stores
Main Documents Used in Internal Trade	Credit Note Debit Note Invoice Lorry Receipt (LR) Performa Invoice Railways Receipt (RR)
Terms of Trade	Cash on Delivery (COD) Cost Errors and Omissions Excepted (E&OE) Free on Board (FOB) Insurance and Freight (CIF)

Unit 10: International Trade

Topics	Learnings
International Trade	Concept Benefits
Export Trade	Meaning Objectives Procedure of Export Trade
Import Trade	Meaning Objectives Procedure
Documents Involved in International Trade	Importance Indent letter of Credit Mate’s Receipt (DA/DP) Shipping Bills Shipping Order Specimen of the Documents
World Trade Organization (WTO)	Meaning Objectives

Economics

Economics influence everyone, one way or another. Economics subject is introduced in the Commerce stream in order to acquaint students with the economic realities our country is facing currently. In Class 11, students learn about the basic concepts of economics, its role in nation building, and basic tools of economics etc. Students also learn to see any economic issue from different angles. Since the field of economics is too vast, it is important for students to start learning the subject from Class 11 itself. Let us find out what all the students will learn in Class 11 Economics subject:

Part A: Introductory Microeconomics

Unit 1: Introduction

Topics	Learnings
Introduction	Meaning of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Positive and Normative Economics What is an Economy? Central Problems of an Economy Concepts of Production Possibility Frontier and Opportunity Cost

Unit 2: Consumer's Equilibrium and Demand

Topics	Learnings
Consumer's Equilibrium	Meaning of Utility Marginal Utility Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility Conditions of Consumer's Equilibrium Using Marginal Utility Analysis
Indifference Curve Analysis of Consumer's Equilibrium	The Consumer's Budget (Budget Set and Budget Line) Preferences of the Consumer (Indifference Curve, Indifference Map) Conditions of Consumer's Equilibrium
Demand	Market Demand Determinants of Demand Demand Schedule Demand Curve and Its Slope Movement Along and Shifts in the Demand Curve Price Elasticity of Demand Factors Affecting Price Elasticity of Demand Measurement of Price Elasticity of Demand

Unit 3: Producer Behaviour and Supply

Topics	Learnings
Production Behaviour	Meaning of Production Function Total Product, Average Product and Marginal Product Returns to a Factor
Cost	Short Run Costs Total Cost Total Fixed Cost Total Variable Cost Average Cost Average Fixed Cost Average Variable Cost Marginal Cost-Meaning and Their Relationships
Revenue	Total, Average and Marginal Revenue Meaning and Their Relationship
Producer's Equilibrium	Meaning and Its Conditions in Terms of Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost Supply Market Supply Determinants of Supply Supply Schedule Supply Curve and Its Slope Movements Along and Shifts in Supply Curve Price Elasticity of Supply Measurement of Price Elasticity of Supply

Unit 4: Forms of Market and Price Determination Under Perfect Competition with Simple Applications

Topics	Learnings
Perfect Competition	Features Determination of Market Equilibrium and Effects of Shifts in Demand and Supply
Other Market Forms	Monopoly Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly - Their Meaning and Features
Simple Applications of Demand and Supply	Price ceiling Price Floor

Part B: Statistics for Economics

Unit 1: Introduction

Topics	Learnings
What is Economics?	Meaning Scope Functions and Importance of Statistics in Economics

Unit 2: Collection, Organisation and Presentation of data

Topics	Learnings
Collection of Data	Sources of Data Primary and Secondary How Basic Data is Collected Concepts of Sampling Sampling and Non-Sampling Errors Methods of Collecting Data Some Important Sources of Secondary Data Census of India and National Sample Survey Organisation
Organisation of Data	Meaning Types of Variables Frequency Distribution
Presentation of Data	Tabular Presentation of Data Diagrammatic Presentation of Data Geometric Forms (Bar Diagrams and Pie Diagrams) Frequency Diagrams (Histogram, Polygon and Ogive) Arithmetic Line Graphs (Time Series Graph)

Unit 3: Statistical Tools and Interpretation

Topics	Learnings
Measures of Central Tendency	Mean (Simple and Weighted) Median Mode
Absolute Dispersion	Range Quartile Deviation Mean Deviation Standard Deviation
Relative Dispersion	Co-Efficient of Range Co-Efficient of Quartile-Deviation Co-Efficient of Mean Deviation Co-Efficient of Variation
Lorenz Curve	Meaning Construction and Its Application
Correlation	Meaning and Properties Scatter Diagram Measures of Correlation Karl Pearson's Method (Two Variables Ungrouped Data) Spearman's Rank Correlation
Introduction to Index Numbers	Meaning and Types Wholesale Price Index Consumer Price Index Index of Industrial Production Uses of Index Numbers Inflation and Index Numbers

English Core

The Commerce stream includes the English subject in order to provide students with a reasonable degree of English proficiency that will help students develop confidence. The English subject in Class 11 Commerce stream helps students develop communicative skills, participate in group discussions and improve their hold on the English language for the academic and social purpose. It helps improve the reading comprehension, argumentative essays, preparing CVs, making notes, writing emails and innovative writings etc. Let us take a look at the topics that English subject offers to Commerce Class 11 students:

Section A

Reading Comprehension

Topics	Learnings
Reading Comprehension	Two Unseen Passages to Test Vocabulary Word Formation Inferring Meaning
Writing Skills	Business or Official Letters Letters to the Editor Job Application with CV Letter to School or College Authority
Grammar	Gap Filling Sentence Reordering Dialogue Completion and Sentence Transformation Determiners Tenses Clauses Modals Change of Voice Transformation of Sentences Error Correction
Literature	Short Question-Answers Long Question-Answers

Apart from these above mentioned 4 core subjects i.e. Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics and English, there are few optional subjects that the Commerce students are required to opt for. Mathematics is one such subject that can be taken as the core and elective as well.

Commerce Class 11 Optional Subjects

Mathematics

Mathematics syllabus, over the years, has changed a lot as per the emerging needs of the society and market requirements. The Mathematics course structure is designed in such a way that students can not only go for the higher studies in the Mathematics but also opt for some other professional courses including Engineering, Computer Applications, Bioscience and Statistics etc. The Mathematics curriculum in the Commerce stream at Class 11 level makes students familiar different aspects of Mathematics and provides an understanding of basic concepts, terms and principles of Mathematics. Let us find out the Mathematics course structure for Commerce Class 11 students here:

Unit-I: Sets and Functions

Topics	Learnings
Sets	Sets and Their Representations Empty Set Finite and Infinite sets Equal sets Subsets Subsets of a Set of Real Numbers Power Set Universal Set Venn Diagrams Union and Intersection of Sets Difference of Sets Complement of a Set Properties of Complement
Relations & Functions	Ordered Pairs Cartesian Product of Sets Number of Elements in the Cartesian Product of Two Finite Sets Cartesian Product of the Set of Reals with Itself Definition of Relation Pictorial Diagrams Domain, Co-Domain and Range of a Relation Function as a Special Type of Relation Pictorial Representation of a Function Real Valued Functions Domain and Range of These Functions Constant Identity Polynomial Rational Modulus Signum Exponential Logarithmic and Greatest Integer Functions Sum, Difference, Product and Quotients of Functions
Trigonometric Functions	Positive and Negative Angles Measuring Angles in Radians and in Degrees Definition of Trigonometric Functions Signs of Trigonometric Functions Domain and Range of Trigonometric Functions and Their Graphs

Unit 2: Algebra

Topics	Learnings
Principle of Mathematical Induction	Process of the Proof by Induction Motivating the Application of the Method The Principle of Mathematical induction and Simple Applications
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations	Need for Complex Numbers Algebraic Properties of Complex Numbers Argand Plane and Polar Representation of Complex Numbers Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Solution of Quadratic Equations (With Real Coefficients) in the complex number system. Square Root of a Complex Number
Linear Inequalities	Linear Inequalities Algebraic Solutions of Linear Inequalities Graphical Solution of Linear Inequalities in Two Variables Graphical Method of Finding a solution of System of Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
Permutations and Combinations	Fundamental Principle of Counting Permutations and Combinations Derivation of Formulae for and Their Connections Simple Applications
Binomial Theorem	History Statement and Proof of the Binomial Theorem Pascal's Triangle General and Middle Term in Binomial Expansion Simple Applications
Sequence and Series	Sequence and Series Arithmetic Progression (A. P.) Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) Geometric Progression (G.P.) General Term of a G.P. Sum of N Terms of a G.P. Infinite G.P. and Its Sum Geometric Mean (G.M.) Relation Between A.M. and G.M

Unit 3: Coordinate Geometry

Topics	Learnings
Straight Lines	Brief Recall of Two Dimensional Geometry Shifting of Origin Slope of a Line and Angle Between Two Lines Various Forms of Equations of a Line Parallel to Axis Point-Slope Form Slope-Intercept Form Two-Point Form Intercept Form and Normal Form General Equation of a Line Distance of a Point From a Line
Conic Sections	Sections of a Cone Circles Parabola Standard Equations and Simple Properties of Parabola Ellipse and Hyperbola Standard Equation of a Circle
Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry	Coordinate Axes and Coordinate Planes in Three Dimensions Coordinates of a Point Distance between Two Points and Section Formula

Unit 4: Calculus

Topics	Learnings
Limits and Derivatives	Derivative of Distance Function and Geometrically Intuitive Idea of Limit Limits of Polynomials and Rational Functions Trigonometric Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Definition of Derivative Curve Derivative of Sum, Difference, Product and Quotient of Functions Derivatives of Polynomial and Trigonometric Functions

Unit 5: Mathematical Reasoning

Topics	Learnings
Mathematical Reasoning	Mathematically Acceptable Statements Connecting Words/ Phrases - Consolidating the Understanding Validating the Statements Involving the Connecting Words Difference Among Contradiction, Converse and Contrapositive

Unit 6: Statistics and Probability

Topics	Learnings
Statistics	Measures of Dispersion Range Mean Deviation Variance and Standard Deviation of Ungrouped/Grouped Data Analysis of Frequency Distributions
Probability	Random Experiments Outcomes Sample Spaces (Set Representation) Occurrence of Events Exhaustive Events Mutually Exclusive Events Axiomatic (Set Theoretic) Probability Probability of an Event

Physical Education

The CBSE has included Physical Education as an optional subject that majorly focuses on improving the physical fitness of the students. The course provides students with the fundamentals of the physical education and makes them aware of the needs of the physical activities in daily life. Along with the theoretical knowledge, the CBSE schools also emphasise on conducting practical training and exercises in schools as well. This not only gives students the health benefits but also provides them with initial training of various indoor & outdoor games/ activities such as the cricket, football, long jump, high jump, basketball, and tennis etc. Let us check out the theoretical topics and curriculum that Commerce Class 11 students are going to learn in the Physical Education subject.

Topics	Learnings
Unit 1: Changing Trends & Career In Physical Education	Meaning & definition of Physical Education Aims & Objectives of Physical Education Changing trends in Physical Education Various Physical Education Courses available in India Career Options in Physical Education Soft skills required for different careers
Unit 2: Olympic Movement	Ancient & Modern Olympics (Summer & Winter) Olympic Symbols, Ideals, Objectives & Values International Olympic Committee Indian Olympic Association Dronacharya Award, Arjuna Award & Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award Organisational set-up of CBSE Sports & Chacha Nehru Sports Award
Unit 3: Physical Fitness, Wellness & Lifestyle	Meaning & Importance Of Physical Fitness, Wellness & Lifestyle Components of physical fitness Components of Health related fitness Components of wellness Preventing Health Threats Through Lifestyle Change Concept of Positive Lifestyle
Unit 4: Physical Education & Sports for Children With Special Needs (Divyang)	Aims & objectives of Adaptive Physical Education Organization promoting Adaptive Sports (Special Olympics Bharat; Paralympics; Deaflympics) Concept and need of Integrated Physical Education Concept of Inclusion, its need and Implementation Role of various professionals for children with special needs (Counsellor, Occupational Therapist, Physiotherapist, Physical Education Teacher, Speech Therapist & special Educator)
Unit 5: Yoga	Meaning & Importance of Yoga Elements of Yoga Introduction - Asanas, Pranayam, Meditation & Yogic Kriyas Yoga for concentration & related Asanas (Sukhasana, Tadasana, Padmasana & Shashankasana) Relaxation Techniques for improving concentration (Yog-nidra)
Unit 6: Physical Activity & Leadership Training	Concept of Physical Activity & Inactivity Leadership Qualities & Role of a Leader Behaviour change stages for physical activity (Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Planning, Active, Maintenance) Creating leaders through Physical Education Meaning, objectives & types of Adventure Sports (Rock Climbing, Tracking, River Rafting, Mountaineering, Surfing and Para Gliding Safety measures during physical activity and adventure sports
Unit 7: Test, Measurement & Evaluation	Define Test, Measurement & Evaluation Importance of Test, Measurement & Evaluation In Sports Calculation of BMI & Waist - Hip Ratio Somato Types (Endomorphy, Mesomorphy & Ectomorphy) Procedures of Anthropomatric Measurement – Height, Weight, Arm & Leg Length
Unit 8: Fundamentals Of Anatomy & Physiology	Define Anatomy, Physiology & Its Importance Function of Skeleton System, Classification of Bones & Types of Joints Properties of Muscles Function & Structure of Muscles Function & Structure of Respiratory System, Mechanism of Respiration Structure of Heart & Introduction to Circulatory System Oxygen debt, second-wind
Unit 9: Kinesiology, Biomechanics & Sports	Meaning & Importance of Kinesiology & Biomechanics in Physical Education & Sports Concept of Musculoskeletal System Joints – Articulation of Bones (Neck, Shoulder, Elbow, Hip and Knees) Major Muscles around the Joints (Neck, Shoulder, Elbow, Hip and Knees) Levers & Its Types and its application in sports Equilibrium – Dynamic & Static And Centre of Gravity and its application in sports
Unit 10: Psychology & Sports	Definition & Importance of Psychology in Physical Education & Sports Define & Differentiate Between Growth & Development Developmental Characteristics at Different Stage of Development Adolescent Problems & Their Management Define Learning, Laws of Learning (Law of Readiness, Law of Effect & Law of Exercise) & Transfer of Learning Emotion: Concept, Type & Controlling of emotion
Unit 11: Training In Sports	Meaning & Concept of Sports Training Principles of Sports Training Warming up & limbering down Load, Symptoms of Over-load, Adaptation & Recovery Skill, Technique & Style Role of Free-play in the development of Motor Component
Unit 12: Doping	Concept & classification of doping Prohibited Substances & Methods Athletes Responsibilities Side Effects Of Prohibited Substances Ergogenic aids & doping in sports Doping control procedure

Information Practices

Information Practices, also known as the Informatics Practices, is the subject that helps a lot to have a working knowledge of the computer system. This subject not only helps understand the fundamentals of computer applications but also provides students with the programming skills. Information Practices clears the basics of computer applications and helps students to understand front-end development, database formation, and various programming tools. The course also helps those students who are willing to take up the computer applications or related courses in the future. Let us find out what all the Information Practices has in its kitty for Commerce 11 students!

Unit 1: Programming and Computational Thinking

Topics	Learnings
Basic Computer Organisation	Knowledge About the Computer System Knowledge About the Mobile System CPU Memory Hard Disk I/O Battery Power Transition From a Calculator to a Computer
Basics of Python Programming	A Simple “Hello World" Program Process of Writing a Program Print Statements Simple Data-Types: Integer, Float, String
Knowledge of Data Types and Operators	Accepting Input From the Console Assignment Statement Expressions Operators and Their Precedence
Conditional Statements	If If-Else If-Elif-Else Absolute Value Sort 3 Numbers Divisibility
Notion of Iterative Computation and Control Flow	Flowcharts Decision Trees and Pseudo Code Write a Lot of Programs: Interest Calculation EMI Tax Calculation (Examples from GST) Standard Deviation Correlation
Lists and Dictionary	Finding the Maximum Finding the Minimum Finding the Mean Linear Search on a List of Numbers Counting the Frequency of Elements
Text Handling	Compare Concat Substring Operations
Introduction to Python Modules	Creating Importing

Unit 2: Data Handling

Topics	Learnings
Introduction to Python Pandas	Introduction to Data Structures in Pandas: Series, and Data Frame Operations on a Series: Head, Tail, Vector Operations Data Frame Operations: Create, Display, Iteration, Select Column, Add Column, Delete Column Binary Operations in a Data Frame: Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Radd, Rsub Matching and broadcasting Operations Missing Data and Filling Values Comparisons, Boolean Reductions, Comparing Series, and Combining Data Frames
Transferring Database	CSV Files SQL Databases Data Frame Objects

Unit 3: Data Management

Topics	Learnings
Relational Databases	Idea of a Database Need for the Database Relations Keys Primary key Foreign key
SQL Commands	Creating Tables Keys Foreign Keys Insert/Delete an Entry Delete a Table
Basic SQL	Selecting Indexes Projecting Indexes Joining Indexes In-Class Practice

Unit 4: Society, Law and Ethics – Cyber Safety

Topics	Learnings
Cyber Safety	Safely Browsing the Web Identity protection Confidentiality Social networks Cyber trolls and Bullying
Appropriate Usage of Social Networks	Spread of Rumours Common Social Networking Sites (Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook) Specific Usage Rules
Safely Accessing Web Sites	Adware Malware Viruses Trojans
Safely Communicating Data	Secure Connections Eavesdropping Phishing and Identity Verification

Entrepreneurship

Commerce field is all about the trade and businesses, hence, Entrepreneurship is one such subject that students must learn about right from the start of their Commerce career. Students learn about the concepts of the entrepreneurship through this subject. The objective of studying this subject at the 10+1 level is to develop entrepreneurial quality and competence in students at the initial stages. The Entrepreneurship subject also makes students aware of the contribution of the entrepreneurs in nation building and country’s growth. Let us now focus on the chapters Commerce 11th students are going to study in the Entrepreneurship subject!

Topics	Learnings
Unit 1: Entrepreneurship - What, Why and How	Entrepreneurship- Concept, Functions, Need and Importance Why Entrepreneurship For You Myths about Entrepreneurship Pros and Cons of Entrepreneurship Process of Entrepreneurship Start-up and its stages Entrepreneurship - The Indian Scenario
Unit 2: An Entrepreneur	Why be an Entrepreneur Types of Entrepreneurs Competencies and Characteristics: Ethical Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurial Values, Attitudes and Motivation Mindset of an Employee and an Entrepreneur Difference Intrapreneur: Importance in Any Organisation
Unit 3: Entrepreneurship Journey	Self-Assessment of Qualities, Skills, Resources and Dreams Generation of Ideas Business Ideas vs. Business Opportunities Opportunity Assessment – Factors, Micro and Macro Market Environment Feasibility Study Business Plan Preparation Execution of Business Plan Role of Networking in Entrepreneurship
Unit 4: Entrepreneurship as Innovation and Problem Solving	Entrepreneurs - as problem solvers. Innovations and Entrepreneurial Ventures - Global and Indian New Industries of New Age Economy Role of Technology – E-commerce and Social Media Social Entrepreneurship as Problem Solving-Concept and Importance Risk Taking-Concept; Types of Business Risks
Unit 5: Understanding the Market	Business Idea and Concept Types of Business: Manufacturing, Trading and Services. Stakeholders: Sellers, Vendors and Consumers and Competitors Market Research - Concept, Importance and Process Market Sensing and Testing Business Model Proof of Concept Pricing and Factors Affecting Pricing Launch Strategies After Pricing and Proof of Concept
Unit 6: Business Arithmetic	Unit of Sale, Unit Price and Unit Cost - for Single Product or Service Types of Costs - Start up, Variable and Fixed Income Statement Cash Flow Projections Break Even Analysis - for Single Product or Service Taxes Financial Business Case Study
Unit 7: Resource Mobilization	Types of Resources - Human, Capital and Entrepreneurial Tools and Resources Selection and Utilization of Human Resources and Professionals like Accountants, Lawyers, Auditors, Board Members, etc. Role and Importance of a Mentor Estimating Financial Resources Required Methods of Meeting the Financial Requirements – Debt vs. Equity Size and Capital Based Classification of Business Enterprises Various Sources of Information Incubators and Accelerators

(Note: Students belonging to other Boards such as ICSE and other State Boards are suggested to look for the Commerce Curriculum administered by these respective Boards.)

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